Monday, July 24, 2006

D.C. Dounis Part II: 他的主要理論

基本上Dounis的小提琴理論是滿簡單易懂的. 而他的著作都是按照他的理論來寫的. ( 本來是想說教學理論, 但是他大部分的東西都是給小提琴家的, 唯一一本給初學者的著作我沒有看過)

1. 左手手型: 基本上他認為小提琴基本上手型有兩種, 一種是簡單的手型, 由G弦到E弦用1234指. 難的手型是正好相反, 4321指. 而且左手的knuckles( 應該是手指連接手掌的關節) 要與弦平行.

2. 左手的手指運動分為三大類, 就是垂直運動, 橫向運動, 以及撥弦. 他同時很重視各個手指之間的獨立性.

3. 右手運弓時手要像刷子一樣. 基本的運弓建立在 "拉" 這個動作.

4.右手的技巧實際上是有少數幾種基本弓法演變而來的. (他有一張圖表)

5. 換把的動作很重要. 他提倡有弧度的換把. 基本上是再換把的時候, 左手手肘會向上提. (這跟Stern拉琴是一樣的)

6. 音階不太重要. ( 練琴不應該是從音階開始) 練琴該是由一些基本技術的幾項開始做起.

7. 拉琴最重要的是頭腦, 要思考.

葛拉米安認為左手的knuckles要與弦平行這個要求對於有些拉琴的人的左手會造成太多的壓力.

實 際上, Dounis的理論跟賽夫西克有很多相同的點. 但是賽夫西克並不特別要求腦袋要思考這件事, 而他所作的就是不需要學生思考就會拉的好, 我想這是他失敗(?)的地方 ( 他曾經說過, 只要用他的練習, 連笨蛋都可以拉柴可夫斯基小提琴協奏曲. 我個人認為這並沒有誇大其詞, 不過這需要一個很有耐心跟毅力的笨蛋.)

他的最經典的就是他那本 "Artist's Techniques of Violin Playing, op 12", Carl Fisher 出版的. 算是集結了他的中心思想的著作.

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